= PJSIP FAQ = Here you can find answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about PJSIP. If you have a question not answered on this page, you can ask it on the [http://lists.pjsip.org/mailman/listinfo/pjsip_lists.pjsip.org PJSIP mailing list]. ---- [[PageOutline(2-6,,inline)]] ---- == General Questions == #general === Why is PJSIP licensed as GPL, and not (LGPL|MPL|BSD|choose your OSS license here)? === #non-gnu Basically we agree with FSF on this issue. Quoting the [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html GPL FAQ]: [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#WhyUseGPL Why should I use the GNU GPL rather than other free software licenses?] ''Using the GNU GPL will require that all the [http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/pragmatic.html released improved versions] be free software. This means you can avoid the risk of having to compete with a proprietary modified version of your own work.'' We don't want people to take PJSIP, mess it up (erm, improve it), and keep the improvements as proprietary code. On the contrary, we want everybody to enjoy PJSIP and all its improvements, and the only way to make sure of this is by releasing PJSIP as GPL. === What about the "viral" nature of the GPL? === #gpl-viral People often think that using GPL-ed software means that other software linked with the GPL software have to be GPL too, hence GPL is considered as viral. '''That is not exactly true''', especially with PJSIP. When linking with PJSIP, only your application (that is based on PJSIP) has to be GPL-ed, since it is considered as derived work. Other libraries linked with PJSIP don't have to be GPL, because we specifically allow linking PJSIP with third party libraries, as long as they are listed in [http://www.pjsip.org/licensing.htm Third Party Software] that are allowed to be linked with PJSIP. === Can I develop closed source products with PJSIP? === #proprietary It depends. We use the standard GPL v2 or later for PJSIP, and GPL does allow using GPL-ed code for closed source development, '''as long as the resulting product is not redistributed''' (for example, it is only used for internal purpose). Please see [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html GPL FAQ] for more information about what you can/can't do with GPL software. Alternatively, we can discuss alternative licensing for PJSIP, please contact support@pjsip.org for details. === What SIP products are compatible with PJSIP? === #compatible Basically as PJSIP is based on IETF standards (SIP, RTP/RTCP, STUN, ICE, etc.), so it should be compatible with other standard based products. We and the community are constantly using PJSIP with other open source products such as: - [http://www.iptel.org SER], - [http://www.openser.org OpenSER], and - [http://www.asterisk.org Asterisk]. We have also heard people successfully done interoperability tests with commercial SIP servers or products, but we don't specificly maintain list of these products. Basically the principle stays the same, as long as they follow the standards, we are confident that PJSIP should be able to communicate with them. === Where can I find the latest release of PJSIP? === #latest The latest PJSIP is always the SVN trunk version. You can find information on how to retrieve PJSIP from SVN in the [http://www.pjsip.org/download.htm PJSIP Download] and [http://www.pjsip.org/using.htm Getting Started] page. ---- == Build and Installation Issues == === I'm having problem building PJSIP, please help! === #build-problems You should check the [http://www.pjsip.org/using.htm Getting Started] page. === I'm getting "Unable to open DSound.h error", please help! === #dsound You should really check the [http://www.pjsip.org/using.htm Getting Started] page first. ---- == Integration Issues == === Can I use the SIP stack with my own media stack? === Sure. The SIP stack (pjsip) and media stack (pjmedia) is independent from one another, and they are only integrated at the higher level user agent library (pjsua-lib). Please see the library architecture diagram on [http://www.pjsip.org/docs.htm PJSIP Documentation] page for reference. So yes, you can use the SIP stack (pjsip) without having to use pjmedia, as long as you don't use pjsua-lib. === Can I use the media stack with my own SIP stack? === Yes. Please see above. === What platforms are PJSIP known to run on? === #platforms PJSIP runs on many platforms, embedded or non-embedded. Please see the platforms list that it currently supports in [http://www.pjsip.org/sip_media_features.htm#platforms Platform features] page. Apart from the platforms that we maintain ourselves, the community have also been constantly finding new platforms that PJSIP can run on. For now we don't maintain list of platforms that the community have ported PJSIP to, but you can search for them in the mailing list archive. === How can I port PJSIP to platform XYZ? === #porting PJSIP has been designed for ultra-portability, and we have ported PJSIP to exotic platform such as Symbian (long time ago, PJSIP has also been ported to Linux kernel). People even have ported PJSIP to even more exotic platforms such as Nintendo DS and Texas Instrument (TI) DSP. So there is a good chance that PJSIP will be ''port''-able to your platform. You can start from the [http://www.pjsip.org/porting.htm Porting] page. For additional information, there is also information on porting [http://www.pjsip.org/sip_symbian.htm PJSIP to Symbian], to emphasize that even on difficult platform like this, PJSIP is still ''port''-able. ---- == Audio Questions == #media === I'm having problems with no/poor audio (quality), please help! === #audio-problem We have created a Wiki page dedicated for troubleshooting all sorts of audio problems, please follow the instructions in http://www.pjsip.org/trac/wiki/sound-problems. If this does not solve your problem, please consult the [http://lists.pjsip.org/mailman/listinfo/pjsip_lists.pjsip.org PJSIP mailing list] === I'm having problems with echo, please help === #echo Please see above. === Why does PJSIP refuse to send DTMF to remote? === #rfc-2833 PJSIP will only send RFC 2833 DTMF to remote if remote has indicated its capability to accept RFC 2833 events in its SDP. This is done by putting this line in the SDP: {{{ a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000 }}} Without receiving this capability indication, PJSIP will refuse to send RFC 2833 event, and a call to {{{pjsua_call_dial_dtmf()}}} or {{{pjmedia_session_dial_dtmf()}}} or {{{pjmedia_stream_dial_dtmf()}}} will return error code '''[http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMEDIA__ERRNO.htm#g043502be6c0961209feade822cdd79b7 PJMEDIA_RTP_EREMNORFC2833]'''. In this case, you can send the [#inband-dtmf DTMF tone inband] instead (see below). === How can I send inband DTMF tones? === #inband-dtmf It's quite easy with [http://www.pjsip.org/pjsip/docs/html/group__PJSUA__LIB.htm PJSUA-LIB] API: 1. Once you get the call established, create an instance of [http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMEDIA__MF__DTMF__TONE__GENERATOR.htm Tone Generator]. 1. Register this tone generator to pjsua's conference bridge, by calling [http://www.pjsip.org/pjsip/docs/html/group__PJSUA__LIB__MEDIA.htm#g833528c1019f4ab5c8fb216b4b5f788b pjsua_conf_add_port()]. 1. ''Connect'' the tone generator to the call, with [http://www.pjsip.org/pjsip/docs/html/group__PJSUA__LIB__MEDIA.htm#g3451304d677e013130dfb9e6b37e3ee6 pjsua_conf_connect()]. 1. Now instruct the tone generator to ''play'' some DTMF digits ([http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMEDIA__MF__DTMF__TONE__GENERATOR.htm#gf7920b73983e1e09dfe883cbdd2861ae pjmedia_tonegen_play_digits()]). The digits then will be streamed to the call, and remote endpoint should receive the DTMF tone inband. === Outgoing RTP transmissions are not timed equally/properly. Why? === #tx-timing In PJMEDIA default setup, media flow is normally triggered by the ''clock'' from the audio device. We made this kind of design to ensure that the audio device always gets fed whenever it needs to be fed, and also since this design would work best for DSP devices, where audio flow would be triggered by some kind of (soft) IRQs thus it should provide the best timing source for audio flow (and without needing to have multi-threading capability). Unfortunately, not all audio devices provide good timing. Especially in PC world, and also with some uC-Linux based development boards that only support OSS, it is very common to have sound cards that can't provide reliable timing. On these platforms, you will notice that audio frames come in burst rather than one by one and spaced equally. So with 20ms ''ptime'' for example, rather than having one frame every 20ms, these devices would give PJMEDIA three or four frames every 60ms or 80ms. Since RTP packets are transmitted as soon as audio frame is available from the sound card, this would cause PJMEDIA to transmit RTP packets at (what looks like) irregular interval. In my opinion, this should be fine, as the remote endpoint should be able to accommodate this with its ''jitter buffer''. If you don't like this, and you'd rather want PJMEDIA to transmit RTP packets at good interval, you can install a [http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMEDIA__MASTER__PORT.htm master clock port] between sound device and conference bridge, so that the master port will drive the media clock instead. A master clock port uses an internal thread to drive the media flow, so it should provide better timing on most platforms. The steps to install master port between sound device and conference bridge are as follows: 1. Create a [http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMEDIA__SPLITCOMB.htm splitter/combiner (splitcomb) port]. 1. Create a reverse phase port on the splitcomb ([http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMEDIA__SPLITCOMB.htm#gc59338fd9d471a14c06b0f51c2290b68 pjmedia_splitcomb_create_rev_channel()]). 1. Create the [http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMED__SND__PORT.htm sound device port] as usual. 1. Connect the sound device port to the splitcomb (use [http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMED__SND__PORT.htm#g046156b765a34e6c640b0534e6b21f9c pjmedia_snd_port_connect()]). 1. Create a [http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMEDIA__MASTER__PORT.htm master clock port], and specify the splitcomb's reverse channel as the ''upstream'' port, and the [http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMEDIA__CONF.htm conference bridge] as the ''downstream'' port. 1. Start the master port. For example, if you normally ''connect'' the sound device to the conference bridge (the default setup in pjsua-lib) with the code below: {{{ void connect_conf_bridge_to_snd_dev(pj_pool_t *pool, pjmedia_port *conf) { pjmedia_snd_port *snd; pjmedia_snd_port_create(..., &snd); pjmedia_snd_port_connect(snd, conf); } }}} Then the change required to install master clock between sound device and conference bridge would be something like this: {{{ void connect_conf_bridge_to_snd_dev2(pj_pool_t *pool, pjmedia_port *conf) { pjmedia_port *splitcomb, *rev; pjmedia_snd_port *snd; pjmedia_master_port *m; pjmedia_splitcomb_create(pool, CLOCK_RATE, 1, SAMPLES_PER_FRAME, BITS, 0, &splitcomb); pjmedia_splitcomb_create_rev_channel(pool, splitcomb, 0, 0, &rev); pjmedia_snd_port_create(..., &snd); pjmedia_snd_port_connect(snd, splitcomb); pjmedia_master_port_create(pool, rev, conf, 0, &m); pjmedia_master_port_start(m); } }}} === Does PJSIP support G.723 or G.729 codec? === #g729-g723 Yes and no. No, because there is no ready to use G.723/G.729 codec implementation in PJMEDIA. We specifically don't include G.723/G.729 support in our code because G.723/G.729 are both patented and royalty based codecs, so we are quite nervous with the possibility that some lawyers may contact us should we include them in PJMEDIA. So our decision is to include only free and open source codec in PJMEDIA. But yes, because you can always add your own codec in PJMEDIA. Please see [#adding-codec Adding a new codec] question below for more info. === How to add new codec to PJMEDIA? === #adding-codec First of all, read the [http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMEDIA__CODEC.htm Codec Framework] documentation. Then, the easiest is to take other codec source file in {{{pjmedia-codec}}} directory (such as [http://www.pjsip.org/trac/browser/pjproject/trunk/pjmedia/src/pjmedia-codec/gsm.c gsm.c]), and replace GSM specific function calls with the functions that are provided by your codec library. Once you're finished, you should end up with just two public APIs exported by your codec: the initialization function, and the deinitialization function. Then register your codec to PJMEDIA in your application by calling the codec initialization function. After this, your codec should be picked up automagically by the rest of PJMEDIA framework. === How can I manipulate audio samples directly? === #audio-man In PJMEDIA, audio frames are sent back and forth between what is called [http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMEDIA__PORT__CONCEPT.htm media port (pjmedia_port)]. So to be able to peek or manipulate audio frames, you need to implement your own media port. Implementing media port should be easy. Basically you just need to implement these: 1. Create your media port structure. 1. Fill in the media port information to describe your media port (like, the name, clock rate, bits per sample, etc.). Use [http://www.pjsip.org/pjmedia/docs/html/group__PJMEDIA__PORT__INTERFACE.htm#gb3259d2924c7a2243733391f6f8f0a9a pjmedia_port_info_init()] to initialize the port into. 1. Implement {{{get_frame()}}} callback (of the ''pjmedia_port'') if your media port is a source (that is, your media port feed audio frames to other media ports). 1. Implement {{{put_frame()}}} callback (of the ''pjmedia_port'') if your media port is a sink (that is, other media ports may feed audio frames to your media port). 1. Implement {{{on_destroy()}}}, if you need to reclaim resources when the media port is destroyed. There are many media port sample implementations in PJMEDIA. For source only media ports, samples include: - [http://www.pjsip.org/trac/browser/pjproject/trunk/pjsip-apps/src/samples/playsine.c playsine.c] from the {{{pjsip-apps/samples}}} directory. - [http://www.pjsip.org/trac/browser/pjproject/trunk/pjmedia/src/pjmedia/mem_player.c mem_player.c] from pjmedia (media port to playback audio from a buffer). - [http://www.pjsip.org/trac/browser/pjproject/trunk/pjmedia/src/pjmedia/wav_player.c wav_player.c] from pjmedia (media port to playback audio from WAVE file). - [http://www.pjsip.org/trac/browser/pjproject/trunk/pjmedia/src/pjmedia/tonegen.c tonegen.c] from pjmedia (media port to generate sine waves/DTMF/multi-frequency tones). For sink only media ports, samples include: - [http://www.pjsip.org/trac/browser/pjproject/trunk/pjmedia/src/pjmedia/mem_capture.c mem_capture.c] from pjmedia (media port to save audio to a buffer). - [http://www.pjsip.org/trac/browser/pjproject/trunk/pjmedia/src/pjmedia/wav_writer.c wav_writer.c] from pjmedia (media port to save audio to a WAVE file). For media ports that manipulates audio and provide both sink and source callbacks: - [http://www.pjsip.org/trac/browser/pjproject/trunk/pjmedia/src/pjmedia/resample_port.c resample_port.c] from pjmedia (to convert sampling rate) - [http://www.pjsip.org/trac/browser/pjproject/trunk/pjmedia/src/pjmedia/echo_port.c echo_port.c] from pjmedia (the AEC) === I always get "Bad RTP pt" error. Why? === #bad-rtp-pt From our experience, this can be caused by one of these: 1. Remote endpoint has agreed to use one codec in the SDP negotiation, but it sends RTP with different codec. This had happened with some old version of a popular but not open source softphone (don't want to name it to protect the innocent). When this happens, the "Bad RTP pt" error message will be printed continuously in the log or screen (basically for every RTP packet!). The remedy in this case was to upgrade that softphone to a new version. 1. Remote endpoint is sending a comfort noise packet. When this happens, the error message is not printed as often as the other case (maybe once in every few seconds). When you encounter this problem, and if upgrading the softphone doesn't solve the problem, you can report this to PJSIP mailing list. When reporting, please include the error log and the complete INVITE message and the 200/OK response (containing the SDP), so that we can analyze which endpoint is behaving badly. === Does PJSIP support SRTP or ZRTP? If no, how can I implement them? === #srtp-zrtp Currently PJMEDIA doesn't support SRTP nor ZRTP, although this has been on our TODO list for sometime now. Fortunately, implementing them is not too difficult, since media transport in PJMEDIA is separated from the stream. Have a look at: - [http://www.pjsip.org/trac/browser/pjproject/trunk/pjmedia/src/pjmedia/transport_udp.c transport_udp.c], the normal UDP media transport, and - [http://www.pjsip.org/trac/browser/pjproject/trunk/pjmedia/src/pjmedia/transport_ice.c transport_ice.c], ICE media transport. There, it's quite easy to see where RTP/RTCP packets are received (that is in {{{on_rx_rtp()}}}/{{{on_rx_rtcp()}}} respectively) or sent (in {{{transport_send_rtp()}}}/{{{transport_send_rtcp()}}}). So these are the locations where you should call the decryption and encryption function of SRTP/ZRTP. Alternatively, there is a cleaner way to plug in SRTP/ZRTP functionality without changing existing code. As mentioned earlier, media transport is separated from stream. They are only ''attached'' to each other in application code (or in pjsua-lib). So then one can build an ''adapter'', which is plugged between the media transport and the stream to do the SRTP/ZRTP stuffs. To the stream, this adapter will look like a media transport, and to existing media transport, this adapter will look like a stream. The benefit of this approach is we can use the same adapter for both kind of media transports, that is the UDP and ICE media transport. ---- == Video Questions == === Does PJSIP support video? === #video Unfortunately no at the moment. Supporting video has been in our TODO list for long time (more than a year!), but so far we haven't had enough time and commitment to do it. === When can I expect PJSIP to support video? === We're not sure. === How can I add video support in PJSIP? === Since video stream is independent from audio stream, the simplest "integration" would be to not integrate video with pjmedia at all. In other words, the application would have to manage everything related to video (capture, render, codec, and RTP) by itself, separate from audio stream which is managed by pjmedia. Maybe you can use the media transports supplied by pjmedia, and the RTP module to pack/unpack RTP packets, to help you up a little bit, but apart from these, basically you'll have to do everything on your own. Also some processing needs to be done on the SDP to support video. So basically, for outgoing SDP, application has to add video information in the SDP after the SDP is created, and it has to parse video related information in the incoming SDP by itself. And perhaps if synchronization between audio and video is needed, the application then will need to peek the RTP packet coming to the audio stream. This can be done perhaps by modifying the media transport, or by installing media transport ''adapter'' as described in [#srtp-zrtp SRTP/ZRTP] question above. ---- == SIP Questions == #sip-questions === Does PJSIP support RFC XYZ? === #rfc The best way is to look at the [http://www.pjsip.org/sip_media_features.htm PJSIP Features] page and see if that particular feature is supported by PJSIP. === I'm having problem when calling XYZ, please help me! === #general-sip Please report your problem to [http://lists.pjsip.org/mailman/listinfo/pjsip_lists.pjsip.org PJSIP mailing list]. In order for us to help you, please provide the following information: 1. Please describe in detail what are you trying to accomplish and how do you configure your equipments (for example, do you use proxy? What kind of proxy?). 1. It would be best to try to reproduce the problem with [http://www.pjsip.org/pjsua.htm pjsua], so that we can also try to reproduce your problem. 1. In any case, please provide the complete log file. If you use ''pjsua'', you can configure it to write log file with {{{--log-file}}} option. If you use your own application that is based on ''pjsua-lib'', you can write the log by setting {{{pjsua_logging_config.log_filename}}} field. === I cannot login/REGISTER to my server. It complains about authentication error. === #authentication Most likely this is caused by wrong credential in your configuration. The remedy depends on what error was reported by PJSIP. For [http://www.pjsip.org/pjsip/docs/html/group__PJSIP__CORE__ERRNO.htm#ga13bf24296c19bece7c0c9af051f89db PJSIP_ENOCREDENTIAL] error: - This error is caused by the realm specified in the credential doesn't match the realm challenged by the server in the 401/407 response. If you use PJSIP version 0.7-trunk or PJSIP version 0.7.1 or later, you can put wildcard ("*") as the realm to make PJSIP respond to any realms challenged by the server. If you use older PJSIP, you have to match the realm in the credential with the realm in the challenge. The realm normally would be equal to the domain name, but it doesn't have to. Asterisk, for example, always set the realm to "asterisk". For [http://www.pjsip.org/pjsip/docs/html/group__PJSIP__CORE__ERRNO.htm#ga935d4205ae50ad6f18a4df98b90d2f6 PJSIP_EFAILEDCREDENTIAL] error: - If you encounter this error, most likely it was caused by a wrong credential. Check if the username and password combination is correct. === With ICE enabled, INVITE packet can exceed MTU/1500 bytes. How can I reduce the message size? === #sip-msg-size Please see ticket #342 for info. Basically there are few settings to configure to make PJSIP sends smaller packet: 1. Configure PJSIP to send compact form of SIP headers, by setting {{{PJSIP_ENCODE_SHORT_HNAME}}} macro to 1 in your {{{config_site.h}}}. This will reduce SIP message size by approximately 50 bytes. 1. Suppress the inclusion of ''Allow'' header in outgoing requests, by setting {{{PJSIP_INCLUDE_ALLOW_HDR_IN_DLG}}} macro to 0 in {{{config_site.h}}}. This will reduce SIP message size by approximately 86 bytes. 1. Suppress the inclusion of SDP {{{rtpmap}}} attribute for static payload types, by setting {{{PJMEDIA_ADD_RTPMAP_FOR_STATIC_PT}}} macro to 0 in {{{config_site.h}}}. Note that this setting should not cause bad effects for communication, since SDP {{{rtpmap}}} attributes for static payload types are optional. This will reduce SIP message size by approximately 65 bytes. 1. Disable RTCP (advertisement) in SDP, by setting {{{PJMEDIA_ADVERTISE_RTCP}}} macro to 0 in {{{config_site.h}}}. When RTCP is disabled, no RTCP packets will be sent or received, and this will cause some RTCP TX statistics (including RTT report) to be unavailable. Other RTCP statistics such as RX statistics, as well as number of TX packets, will still be available since these values are generated locally. Disabling RTCP will reduce SIP message size by approximately 235 bytes for ICE with three candidates. 1. Last resort, disable some unused network interfaces in your system to reduce the number of ICE candidates advertised in SDP. On Windows for example, it's quite common to have some Loopback network interface, and disabling it doesn't seem to cause (too much) harm. === How can I instantiate multiple PJSIP stacks in my application? === #multi-stack You don't need to! This may be necessary with other SIP stacks, but PJSIP inherently supports multiple identities (or accounts) throughout the libraries, so one instance of the stack can be used to perform multiple, separate registration and invite sessions. ---- == Performance == === How can I reduce the CPU usage/maximize the performance of my application? === #cpu There are few configuration settings to tweak to reduce the CPU usage of the application or to produce the best performance out of pjsip: 1. '''Echo canceller'''. The software AEC probably is the most CPU intensive module in PJSIP. To reduce the CPU usage, you can shorten the EC tail length to lower value (the {{{pjsua_media_config.ec_tail_len}}} setting), or you can even disable it altogether by setting {{{pjsua_media_config.ec_tail_len}}} to zero. 1. '''Codec'''. Use low complexity codec such as ''pcmu'' or ''pcma''. When you use ''pcmu'' or ''pcma'', make sure pjmedia chooses the table based implementation, by setting {{{PJMEDIA_HAS_ALAW_ULAW_TABLE}}} macro to 1 (the default is normally enabled, but it may worth double-checking). 1. '''Avoid resampling'''. Resampling is a CPU intensive process, thus you should avoid it if you can, by choosing uniform clock rate for all media components (sound device, conference bridge, codecs, WAV files, etc.). 1. '''Logging'''. The default logging level is 5, which provides verbose information just in case some debugging is needed. When absolute performance is needed, you can decrease the logging verbosity level to 3 so that only vital information is displayed. This can be done by, either at compile time by setting {{{PJ_LOG_MAX_LEVEL}}} macro (in {{{config_site.h}}} as usual), or at run-time by calling {{{pj_log_set_level()}}}. 1. '''Threads'''. Use the optimum number of worker threads in your application. The optimum number would be equal to the number of processors (or processor cores) in the system. 1. '''Run-time checks'''. All the libraries are equipped with run-time checks to prevent bad parameters from crashing the software. You can disable this feature by setting {{{PJ_ENABLE_EXTRA_CHECK}}} to zero. 1. '''Stack checks'''. PJLIB is equipped with stack overflow detection. You can disable this feature by setting {{{PJ_OS_HAS_CHECK_STACK}}} to zero. 1. '''Safe module'''. PJSIP is equipped with mutex protection to protect PJSIP modules from being unregistered while they are still being accessed by PJSIP. If you don't plan to add/remove modules dynamically during run-time, you can disable this protection by setting {{{PJSIP_SAFE_MODULE}}} to zero. 1. '''Unescape in place'''. By default, PJSIP will make a copy of escaped message sequence before unescaping it. You can configure PJSIP to unescape in place by setting {{{PJSIP_UNESCAPE_IN_PLACE}}} to one. 1. '''Hash tolower optimization'''. By setting {{{PJ_HASH_USE_OWN_TOLOWER}}} to one, the hash function will convert the key to lower case and calculate the hash value in one loop. 1. '''Release mode'''. Don't forget to set the appropriate compiler optimization flag, and disable assertion with '''-DNDEBUG'''. === How can I configure pjsip to serve thousands of calls? === #high-perf There are few settings to tweak: 1. First apply the CPU reduction techniques above to maximize the performance. 1. By default, PJSIP is configured to handle only 16384 simultaneous SIP transactions and dialogs. You should enlarge this to your requirement, by setting both {{{PJSIP_MAX_TSX_COUNT}}} and {{{PJSIP_MAX_DIALOG_COUNT}}} to the appropriate values (for example, 640*1024-1). 1. If you plan to support large number of TCP/TLS connections, then increase {{{PJ_IOQUEUE_MAX_HANDLES}}} to some large number (the default is only 64). ---- == Footprint == === How can I reduce the footprint and heap usage of my application? === #footprint With the default settings, PJSIP is not really optimized for size (nor speed), since the main objective is to have sufficient information for troubleshooting. Taking Windows as reference platform, the executable size of Release build with Visual C++ 6 is as follows: {{{ pjsua_vc6.exe: file size=749,672 bytes 241664 .data 102400 .rdata 24576 .reloc 536576 .text (all numbers in decimal, bytes) }}} '''Note:''' with default settings, pjsua will include PJNATH/ICE implementation as well as many media goodies, which you may not need in your embedded application. Hence the executable size is a bit large for ''pjsua''. The heap usage with 2 connected calls using Speex wideband codec and AEC enabled (press '''dd''' in pjsua menu): {{{ >>> dd .. Total 908508 of 1046304 (86 %) used! .. }}} To reduce the executable size, you can apply the following settings: 1. '''Reduce logging verbosity'''. The default logging level is 5, which provides verbose information just in case some debugging is needed. You can decrease the logging verbosity level to 3 so that only vital information is displayed, by setting {{{PJ_LOG_MAX_LEVEL}}} macro (in {{{config_site.h}}} as usual). This will reduce executable size by approximately '''28 KB'''. 1. '''Turn off logging'''. Alternatively you can disable logging altogether, by setting {{{PJ_LOG_MAX_LEVEL}}} to 0. This will reduce executable size by another '''28 KB'''. 1. '''Disable Speex AEC''', by setting {{{PJMEDIA_HAS_SPEEX_AEC=0}}}, to reduce executable size by '''32 KB'''. 1. '''Disable resampling''', by setting {{{PJMEDIA_HAS_LIBRESAMPLE=0}}}, to reduce executable size by '''45 KB'''. 1. '''Disable unused codecs'''. To leave with only G.711 codecs (''pcma'' and ''pcmu''), disable speex with {{{PJMEDIA_HAS_SPEEX_CODEC=0}}}, disable iLBC with {{{PJMEDIA_HAS_ILBC_CODEC=0}}}, disable GSM codec with {{{PJMEDIA_HAS_GSM_CODEC=0}}}, and disable L16 codecs with {{{PJMEDIA_HAS_L16_CODEC=0}}}. This will reduce executable size by approximately '''114 KB'''. 1. '''Disable alaw/ulaw table'''. By default, a table based alaw/ulaw implementation is used. You can disable this by setting {{{PJMEDIA_HAS_ALAW_ULAW_TABLE=0}}}, which makes PJMEDIA to calculate the alaw/ulaw value rather than using the table. This will reduce executable size by approximately '''28 KB'''. 1. '''Disable error string'''. All libraries keep the description of the error codes in some static variables. You can omit this error description by setting {{{PJ_HAS_ERROR_STRING=0}}}. When the error description is omitted, {{{pj_strerror()}}} will just print the error code rather than the error description. You can then look for the error description in libraries source codes, or by searching on PJSIP website. Omitting the error description will reduce executable size by approximately '''20 KB'''. 1. '''Disable run-time checks'''. All the libraries are equipped with run-time checks to prevent bad parameters from crashing the software. You can disable this feature by setting {{{PJ_ENABLE_EXTRA_CHECK}}} to zero. This will reduce executable size by approximately '''20 KB'''. 1. '''Disable stack checks'''. PJLIB is equipped with stack overflow detection. You can disable this feature by setting {{{PJ_OS_HAS_CHECK_STACK}}} to zero, to reduce executable size by approximately '''4 KB'''. 1. '''Disable CRC32 table''', by setting {{{PJ_CRC32_HAS_TABLES=0}}}, to reduce executable size by about '''1 KB''', only if you use ICE. 1. '''Use your own sound device abstraction''', rather than !PortAudio. If you are porting PJSIP to an embedded platform, you may need to create your own sound device abstraction. So supposing we don't use !PortAudio and use the NULL sound device implementation ({{{PJMEDIA_SOUND_IMPLEMENTATION=PJMEDIA_SOUND_NULL_SOUND}}}, we will reduce executable size by approximately '''49 KB'''. With all above optimizations set, we now have pjsua size (still with ICE/PJNATH and all media goodies '''included''' in the executable): {{{ pjsua_vc6.exe: file size= 381,032 bytes 184320 .data 8192 .rdata 16384 .reloc 319488 .text }}} Using the same settings, if we take the executable size of '''simpleua.exe''' (this is a sample program to do simple call with audio, without conference bridge nor ICE/STUN): {{{ simpleua.exe: file size= 155,648 bytes 28672 .data 4096 .rdata 139264 .text }}} At this point, the heap memory usage of pjsua with 2 calls has been reduced by about 100 KB: {{{ >>> dd .. Total 793624 of 909024 (87 %) used! .. }}} We still want more heap usage reductions, of course! Now, assuming that the product will only need to support, say, 8 calls, we can apply these settings to '''reduce heap memory usage''': 1. '''Transaction/dialog/call count'''. Set the maximum number of concurrent transactions/dialogs/calls with {{{ # define PJSIP_MAX_TSX_COUNT 31 # define PJSIP_MAX_DIALOG_COUNT 31 # define PJSUA_MAX_CALLS 31 }}} 1. '''Optimize pool sizes'''. These settings not only will reduce heap memory usage, but will also prevent the libraries from allocating too many large memory blocks. With the default settings, most memory pools are configured to allocate memory in 4KB blocks, and some system like Symbian will have difficulties in providing these blocks to PJSIP. Use the following setting to reduce the memory block size used by memory pools, at the expense of more calls to system's memory allocators ({{{new}}} or {{{malloc}}}) to allocate memory: {{{ # define PJSIP_POOL_LEN_ENDPT 1000 # define PJSIP_POOL_INC_ENDPT 1000 # define PJSIP_POOL_RDATA_LEN 2000 # define PJSIP_POOL_RDATA_INC 2000 # define PJSIP_POOL_LEN_TDATA 2000 # define PJSIP_POOL_INC_TDATA 512 # define PJSIP_POOL_LEN_UA 2000 # define PJSIP_POOL_INC_UA 1000 # define PJSIP_POOL_TSX_LAYER_LEN 256 # define PJSIP_POOL_TSX_LAYER_INC 256 # define PJSIP_POOL_TSX_LEN 512 # define PJSIP_POOL_TSX_INC 128 # define PJMEDIA_SESSION_SIZE 1000 # define PJMEDIA_SESSION_INC 1000 }}} With these settings applied, heap memory usage will be reduced very significantly. Looking at heap memory usage of pjsua with two G.711 calls: {{{ pjsua_vc6 --clock-rate 8000 --ec-tail 0 --max-calls 2 --no-tcp >>> dd .. Total 120532 of 150344 (80 %) used! .. }}} So only about 150 KB for two calls, I think that should be affordable. ---- == Windows Specific Questions == === How can I use PJSIP in .NET applications? === #activex For this, you will need to have ActiveX wrapper for PJSIP. Unfortunately, at this point we don't provide ActiveX projects for PJSIP, but you can use one of the following projects: - [http://sipekphone2.googlepages.com/ Sipek Phone project], by created Sasa Coh, is a project to build a SIP softphone using .NET, and it has an PJSIP ActiveX wrapper as part of the project. ---- == Windows Mobile Specific Questions == === How can I build PJSIP for WinCE/Windows Mobile? === #wm-build Have a look at this [http://www.pjsip.org/using.htm#evc Getting Started | Windows Mobile] page. ---- == Linux/uC-Linux Specific Questions == === How can I build PJSIP for Linux/uC-Linux? === #linux-build Have a look at this [http://www.pjsip.org/using.htm#gnu Getting Started | GNU] page. ---- == MacOS X Specific Questions == === How can I build PJSIP for MacOS X? === #osx-build Have a look at this [http://www.pjsip.org/using.htm#gnu Getting Started | GNU] page. ---- == Symbian Specific Questions == === How can I build PJSIP for Symbian? === #symbian-build We have provided a thorough instructions at the [http://www.pjsip.org/sip_symbian.htm PJSIP for Symbian] page. ---- == Python == === How can I use PJSIP in Python? === #python Start at this small [Python_SIP_Tutorial PJSIP Python Tutorial] page.